The Effects of Motivation, Destination Image and Satisfaction on Rural Tourism Tourists’ Willingness to Revisit

With the diversification of tourist demand for a destinations’ supply, rural tourism destinations are facing an increasingly fierce competition environment. Creating brand value and improving tourists’ willingness to revisit has become an inevitable strategic choice for rural tourism destinations. In this study, we proposed a framework of “tourism motivation-destination image-satisfaction-willingness to revisit” to investigate rural tourism. We investigated from the aspects of learning and entertainment motivation, novelty-seeking motivation, natural environment, cultural environment, social environment, infrastructure, and tourist satisfaction. To analyze data, a questionnaire survey was administered to 545 tourists using structural equation modeling (SEM) technology. The findings indicated that learning and entertainment motivation, natural environment, social environment, and tourist satisfaction had a direct and positive effect on tourists’ willingness to revisit. In addition, tourist satisfaction played an intermediary role between tourists’ tourism motivation and destination terrain image and their propensity to return. On this basis, some suggestions and illuminations are put forward to increase tourists’ willingness to revisit.

Pathogenic microorganism monitoring and traceability exploration of medical waste disposal routes in children's hospital

OBJECTIVE: Due to the lack of effective monitoring of microbial spectrum of medical waste collection, transport, storage and transfer path, as well as the evaluation of disinfection effects in medical institutions, this study aimed to explore the microenvironment, prevention and control difficulties and management opinions of medical waste disposal path through the microbial analysis of the medical waste disposal path in model departments. METHODS According to the standard process, the environmental samples at different time periods before and after the disinfection of the medical waste disposal path in the model department were collected and analyzed. The drug resistance and molecular typing traceability of important pathogens were analyzed. And the dynamic effect of the whole path application of the disinfection scheme for medical waste disposal in the model department were evaluated. Efficient frequency and application effect of disinfection of and hygiene of relevant places and gloves were evaluated through environmental monitoring before and after disinfection. RESULTS Most of the isolated strains were environmental microorganisms, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were also isolated, and a multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strain was identified. Through typing and tracing the source, the multiple strains of A. Baumannii were found to be of different genetic origins and the two strains were from the same clonal line. Using original detection technology, no contamination of Salmonella and Shigella was found in the path. The new coronavirus and norovirus were not detected. However, the environmental pollution of rotavirus was obvious. CONCLUSION The risk of random transmission of rotavirus cannot completely solved by existing hand-sterilized regents. Timely or even frequent replacement of gloves is a simple solution in the workflow. The sterilized medical waste transfer vehicles are likely to become the pollution source of rotavirus after passing through a certain medical waste path. The medical waste disposal personnel should replace the rotating vehicle in time before entering other wards. In addition, due to the weak professional ability of cleaners, simple and easy process guidelines is the most effective solution at present.

Protective antigenic epitopes revealed by immunosignatures after three doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine

Background SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has infected millions of people around the world. Vaccination is a pillar in the strategy to control transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 spread. Immune responses to vaccination require elucidation. Methods The immune responses to vaccination with three doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were followed in a cohort of 37 healthy adults (18–59 years old). Blood samples were collected at multiple time points and submitted to peptide array, machine learning modeling, and sequence alignment analyses, the results of which were used to generate vaccine-induced antibody-binding region (VIABR) immunosignatures (Registration number: ChiCTR2200058571). Results Antibody spectrum signals showed vaccination stimulated antibody production. Sequence alignment analyses revealed that a third vaccine dose generated a new highly represented VIABR near the A570D mutation, and the whole process of inoculation enhanced the VIABR near the N501Y mutation. In addition, the antigen conformational epitopes varied between short- and long-term samples. The amino acids with the highest scores in the short-term samples were distributed primarily in the receptor binding domain (RBD) and N-terminal domain regions of spike (S) protein, while in the long-term samples (12 weeks after the 2nd dose), some new conformational epitopes (CEs) were localized to crevices within the head of the S protein trimer. Conclusion Protective antigenic epitopes were revealed by immunosignatures after three doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inoculation. A third dose results in a new top-10 VIABR near the A570D mutation site of S protein, and the whole process of inoculation enhanced the VIABR near the N501Y mutation, thus potentially providing protection from strains that have gained invasion and immune escape abilities through these mutation.

Hanshiyi Formula treatment in patients with COVID-19: study protocol and statistical analysis plan (SAP) of an open-label randomized controlled clinical trial (preprint)

Background As COVID-19 continues to spread rapidly in 2019, the risks to human health cannot be underestimated. There is still lack of antiviral drugs for COVID-19, and the development of effective treatments is urgent. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of epidemic infectious diseases, The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial will to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Hanshiyi Formula (HSYF) in patients with COVID-19.Methods We will conduct this randomized, controlled, open, non-inferiority test clinical study in 240 COVID-19 subjects. Eligible patients will be divided into a control group ( LH granule ) or a treatment group ( HSYF ) in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention duration will be 14 days, and the medication could be stopped in advance if the discharge standard was reached. Clinical efficacy measures will be analyzed at baseline and on day 1–14 of enrollment, The occurrence of adverse events will be monitored throughout the trial. The statistical analysis plan included the treatment of missing data, the analysis of outcome measures, and the method of safety endpoints.Discussion To investigate the efficacy and safety of HSYF in the treatment of COVID-19, provide more sufficient high-quality evidence-based medical basis for TCM intervention in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. To avoid selective reporting bias and data-driven analysis, the statistical analysis plan will standardize the statistical analysis of clinical trials.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200058384. Version V1.2, created on April 11, 2022.https://www.chictr.org.cn/com/25/hvshowproject.aspx?id=159938.